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Przedstawienie koncepcji projektu misji związanej z wydobywaniem surowców naturalnych w przestrzeni kosmicznej. W pracy zawarłem zarys prawa kosmicznego, mówiącego o możliwościach wykorzystywania ciał niebieskich przez ludzkość. Na podstawie baz danych NEO(Near Earth Objects) obliczyłem parametry planetoidy 276049 (2002 CE26). Opisałem również pomysł wydobywania i transportu kopalin z powierzchni planetoid i ich wykorzystywanie w dalszej eksploatacji Kosmosu.

Extraterrestrial life doesn’t have to be similar to the one found on earth. How can we look for life, not knowing what are we looking for? In 1964, James Lovelock was asked by NASA to come up with a theoretical life detection system in order to look for life on Mars. Lovelock believed that there was a more pressing question that should be answered firstly; “What is life, and how should it be recognized?” When asked how he would look for life on Mars, he replied; “I’d look for an entropy reduction, since this must be a general characteristic of life.”

A descoberta celeste nos move!
A internet nos proporciona a ver o céu além do olho nu. A cada descoberta de planetas, estrelas e de novos fenômenos, como o alinhamento dos 5 planetas acontecendo a partir do dia 20 de fevereiro, nos motiva cada vez mais a estudar e se apaixonar pelo espaço/céu.
A astronomia nos fascina!

Este trabalho visa resumir/compilar os vários dos aspetos que se tem de ter em conta quando se planeia colonizar outro corpo celeste e conhecimento que se pode obter na sua colonização.
O trabalho começa por explorar a escolha do corpo celeste para colonizar. Em seguida, menciona vários aspetos relacionados com a viagem, como a fonte de energia e a tripulação. Depois, sugere maneiras de tornar o corpo celeste colonizado autossustentável. Por fim, menciona exemplos concretos (colonização da Lua e de Marte a partir da Terra) e uma visão pessoal acerca do futuro.
Foi também elaborado um pequeno guia para incentivar a população mais jovem a interessar-se pela área e possivelmente dar ideias/visões mais arrojadas e libertas de preconceitos das dos mais velhos.

Quasiperiodic (QP) events are electromagnetic waves observed in the inner magnetosphere at frequencies between about 0.5 and 4 kHz that exhibit a nearly periodic modulation of the wave intensity. The modulation periods may range from tens of seconds up to minutes. A detailed multipoint analysis of a remarkable QP event observed consecutively for several hours on 26 February 2008 is performed in my project. The event was detected by ground-based instruments of Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (Finland) and by the low-altitude spacecraft DEMETER, both in the same hemisphere and magnetically conjugated. The time intervals when the event was observed on board the satellite and/or on the ground provide an estimate of the event dimensions. When the event is detected simultaneously by the satellite and on the ground, it is possible to compare a frequency-time structure of its elements.

El proyecto RENO (Renewable Energy Network Objective) se divide en dos partes. En la primera se hace un análisis exhaustivo por estratos sobre cómo la información obtenida por el sistema de observación terrestre Copernicus es utilizada por parte de los organismos oficiales europeos, llegándose a la conclusión que estos datos son utilizados de una forma pasiva en la toma de decisiones. En la segunda parte, se propone la creación de una Red de Energías Renovables Europea, apoyada por el sistema Copernicus, que ayude a mejorar y dar respuesta a los problemas con los que se enfrenta a día de hoy el sector de la energía de Europa.

Sztuczna inteligencja jako niezastąpiona pomoc dla astronauty.

In this project the possibility and the concept of a lunar settlement is discussed using current technology.

An alternative for a Lunar Colony
There are many obstacles and bio-hazards in the Lunar environment and one of the most crucial is particle radiation. In the form of high-energy hydrogen and helium nuclei, it reaches our Moon's surface rending any attempt for a human base too dangerous and/or extremely expensive.
This project presents Lunar Pits as an alternative for a human colony, exploiting their depth and special morphology as protection from the hazardous radiation, relieving the budget from the burden of radiation shielding.
Either deep or leading to sub-lunarean caverns, the project contains calculations (using the specially designed F.Lu.P algorithm) for the radiation reaching any Lunar Pit bottom and presents a four-part mission to launch the human colonisation on the Moon (Discover Lunar Pits, Early Lunar Facilities, Power System Support of M.u.s.h.room and Green Moon).
This project is an attempt to design a realistic future Lunar Colony, as part of the Rosetta Mission for the Space Exploration.

Una breve presentazione sulla strada percorsa, lo stato attuale e la strada ancora da percorrere nell'esplorazione umana dello Spazio. prende in analisi quelle che consideriamo le più importanti questioni aperte relative al futuro dell'esplorazione e ne analizza possibili soluzioni, mantenendo però un tono divulgativo che permetta la comprensione anche a non esperti del campo spaziale.

L'exploration de Mars est un des enjeux majeurs de la conquête spatiale contemporaine, plusieurs missions sont déjà aller visiter notre chère planète rouge mais l'exploration de cette dernière se fait à petits pas.
Les rovers ont permis de grandes avancées mais bien que pratiques, ils restent néanmoins lents dans leurs déplacements. C'est pourquoi nous avons songé à un moyen d'explorer Mars plus rapidement, et pour cela, nous avons choisi de passer par les airs !

Le drone est conçu de la même façon qu'un dirigeable, par sa structure et par son fonctionnement, mes ses différentes caractéristiques sont adaptées aux conditions atmosphériques qui règnent sur Mars. Il est muni de toute une panoplie d'instruments dont le but est d’accélérer l'exploration de la planète. Au programme étude de l'atmosphère, cartographie et relais de télécommunication vis à vis des rovers déjà présents !

Comment offrir une solution durable aux problèmes énergétiques d'aujourd'hui ? Utiliser l'énergie du soleil ! Et dans l'espace c'est encore plus rentable donc pourquoi pas l'utilisé ? C'est le principe du Projet ADONIS

Ecco come osservare ed analizzare la stratosfera in modo economico ed efficace: con il lancio di un pallone sonda, con l'utilizzo dei giusti strumenti elettronici e con la realizzazione di un efficiente aeromodello.
I palloni in lattice sono mezzi che possono raggiungere grandi quote e ai quali può essere collegato un payload. In questo progetto il payload ha la forma di un aeromodello, che contenendo una piattaforma elettronica appositamente programmata per la raccolta dati ed il ritorno, una volta scoppiato il pallone a circa 25000m è in grado di tornare alla base.
Per vincere tutte le forze che contrastano la salita, inoltre, un curioso collegamento tra più palloni consente di andare "oltre" , arrivando ad esplorare persino l'inizio della mesosfera.
Oltre al raccoglimento di dati, al sistema di ritorno, al raggiungimento di elevate quote, questo progetto ha anche una funzione sociale: le giuste immagini hanno un potere sulla mente delle persone sorprendente…

Le mot «localisation» ainsi que son champ lexical, nous vient directement à l'esprit lorsqu'on entends parler du GNSS(global navigational satellite system). En effet, les systèmes de navigation ou GNSS, sont des systèmes qui permettent à un individu, utilisant un récepteur, de se repérer à chaque instant sur le globe terrestre. Parmi ces systèmes, l'on a le GPS (global positioning system) américain, le GLONASS Russe, Beidou de la Chine, Galileo de l'Union Européenne, et bien d'autres. Selon l'ESA(European space agency) , parmi tous ces systèmes, seul Galileo sera sous contrôle civile. Ceci pressente déjà comme un système de navigation assez particulié. Cependant, ce projet consiste à montrer de nouvelles applications de Galileo avec des impacts sur l'environnement et la société.

Tematem pracy jest analiza wpływu przeciążeń generowanych w warunkach laboratoryjnych na budowę i funkcjonowanie komórek i organizmów. Celem pracy było zbadanie, czy siły generowane podczas działania przeciążeń są zdolne do wywołania określonych zmian w obrębie komórki. Misja Rosetta, której podstawowym celem jest badanie materii kometarnej in situ, może zweryfikować hipotezę pochodzenia wody na Ziemi. Ciekła woda jest niezbędnym elementem koniecznym do tego, by w określonych warunkach mogło występować życie. Jest ona swego rodzaju czynnikiem ograniczającym występowanie organizmów żywych, których istnienie jest uzależnione od wody. Jej obecność jest więc jednym z podstawowych elementów branych pod uwagę przez astrobiologów podczas poszukiwania potencjalnych miejsc we Wszechświecie, w których mogłyby żyć organizmy. Kompletne poznanie środowiskowych granic zawężających występowanie organizmów żywych jest więc kluczowe do tego, by eksploracja kosmosu w poszukiwaniu życia mogła być maksymalnie wydajna. Inspiracją do wyboru przeciążeń jako czynnika ograniczającego występowanie i rozprzestrzenianie życia we Wszechświecie były badania agencji kosmicznych dotyczące wpływu przeciążeń na anatomię i fizjologię organizmu ludzkiego, w szczególności poszczególnych narządów. Zastanawiające było to, czy te same siły wywołujące zmiany w tkankach są zdolne do zaburzenia wnętrza komórki. Należało więc założyć taką możliwość oraz wykonać badania potwierdzające bądź odrzucające postawioną hipotezę. Do tego celu posłużyła wirówka generująca przeciążenia.

Las misiones en órbita y los datos de la composición de la superficie Marciana han buscado dar respuestas a cuestiones fundamentales: ¿Fue el planeta cálido y húmedo como la Tierra o bien frío, seco y árido como la Luna?
Observación e interpretación del comportamiento de su corteza a lo largo de su historia dan paso a la propuesta de un modelo que justifique la morfología de la superficie y los procesos Químicos que se presentan. Son tales repuestas las que condicionan el uso de materiales y la elección de una región para futuros asentamientos.
Es éste, pues, el objetivo de GeoMars.

Entender los procesos geológicos y la historia climática de marte y averiguar si la ruptura por estrés térmico es primordial en determinados planetas dará paso al conocimiento de la evolución temporal de la superficie Marciana, los procesos que lo han llevado a cabo y las condiciones del relieve de posibles exoplanetas.

In this work, a coherent overview on perspective of manned flight to Mars is described. The success of future Mars mission will be dependent on both technological and psychosocial aspects. Thus, both sides were taken into account, making this work novel in terms of not only taking both sides separately but also effectively analysing them together.
Technical part of the document covers state of the art technology and comments its suitability for needs of manned Mars flight. Some new theoretical concepts are presented as well. Majority of technical aspects which are applicable to the future manned Mars mission, are already well known and studied. A comparison with some current space missions is done to support this statement.
Psychosocial part of the document strives to provide a complex point of view to huge problematic of human factor in space. Psychosocial aspects of mission such as crew selection, communication, or stressors connected to long-term spaceflight are included. There are also summarized some of the past significant ground-based experiments and their results with effort to demonstrate perspectives as well as failures which occurred in these simulations. Additionally, some recurring phenomena and phases typical for staying in an extreme environment were found and described.

At some point in the future, if mankind hopes to settle planets outside our Solar System, it will be crucial to determine the range of planetary conditions on which human beings could survive and function normally. For this purpose, in the first part of our paper, we observe the limitations gravity imposes on the human body, and in the second part, the influence of gravity on the course of evolution.

Initially, we examine the ultimate limits at which the human skeleton breaks and muscles become unable to lift the body from the ground. We also produce a new model for the energetic expenditure of walking, by modelling the leg as an inverted pendulum. Both approaches conclude that, with rigorous training, humans
could perform normal locomotion at gravity no higher than 5gEarth. Bearing this limit in mind, we consider the long-term effects on humans inhabiting planets with weaker or stronger gravity.

In the section on exoplanetary life, we recount how gravity dictates the scaling of size from the cellular to the macroscopic level. We use this information to speculate about the form and internal build of lifeforms evolved in alternate gravity, ultimately applying our findings to examples of known exoplanets.

La idea fundamental de nuestro trabajo de investigación fue analizar algunas dificultades técnicas que hay que resolver cuando se planifica un viaje que nos lleve hasta otro lugar del sistema solar. El visionado de la reciente película “Marte” hizo que nos hiciéramos muchas preguntas acerca de la posibilidad real de un viaje así.
No es fácil hallar documentación técnica al respecto, así que este trabajo de investigación ha supuesto un gran reto para nosotros. Pero, pese a la escasez de información, creemos que hemos llegado lejos: Con herramientas muy humildes hemos conseguido aproximarnos bastante, y con buen criterio, a la solución de un problema tan complejo que sólo grandes especialistas – con poderosa instrumentación – están capacitados para resolver.

Depuis que Philae s'est posée sur Tchouri et que Curiosity foule le sol martien, l'humanité a eu un regain d’intérêt pour l'exploration spatiale. Comme je l'ai dit précédemment l'homme veut briser de nouvelles barrières et aller toujours plus loin dans sa soif de connaissance.Le projet de l'ESA pour l'installation d'une base lunaire pourrait donc se concrétiser .Mais la mission peut rapidement capoter, car les astronautes auront besoin d'eau sur la lune. Or chaque kilo envoyé dans l'espace coûte extrêmement cher il faudrait donc utiliser de l'eau déjà présente sur la lune .Nous savons grâce a différentes missions comme LCROSS que le pôle sud de la lune contient de l'eau pure à l'état de glace.
Quelle est la composition de cette eau? Est- elle présente dans les mêmes quantités dans les différents cratères qui en possèdent?Les réserves de glace (donc d'eau) sont- elles plutôt en surface ou en profondeur?Quels sont les cratères les plus prolifiques en terme de quantité d'eau contenue pour une future installation de base lunaire ?
La mission Anubis composée d'un orbiteur, d'un atterrisseur comportant un Rover permettra de répondre à toutes ces questions .

Die Menschheit ist bereit für den nächsten 'großen Schritt', die Besiedelung des Mondes. Dieses Unterfangen mag ambitioniert sein, ist aber möglich und notwendig.
Der Mond wurde bereits ausgiebig untersucht und viele Jahre hat man sich mit der Evaluierung verschiedener Orte auf dem Mond befasst. Viele von den vielversprechenden Kandidaten liegen in den Polarregionen, welche aufgrund ihrer hohen und langen Lichteinstrahlung einen großen Vorteil bieten.
Neben den Eigenschaften des Ortes werden auch andere Probleme wie die Infrastruktur und den Schutz im Text angesprochen und diskutiert. Wie eine Stadt auf der Erde müssen auch auf dem Mond alle Sektoren abgedeckt sein und auf die veränderten Umweltverhältnisse abgestimmt sein.
Eine solche Stadt wird jedoch nicht nur durch technische sondern auch durch menschliche Faktoren bestimmt, so ist beispielsweise eine gewisse Mindestanzahl (ca. 10.000) von Menschen notwendig, um eine stabile Population zu bilden.

Die Chancen eines solchen Projektes sind weitreichend, in technischen, wissenschaftlichen, politischen, sozialen und evolutionären Gesichtspunkten. Es ist ein umfassendes wissenschaftliches Experiment mit viele Facetten wie bei der ISS, als auch eine Vorbereitung für zukünftige Missionen. Sowohl die Technik als auch die Menschheit muss in allen Aspekten darauf vorbereitet sein, wenn wir beginnen Kolonien abseits der Erde zu errichten.

Spaceflight has always been a human dream but only in the latter half of the 20th century were rockets developed that were powerful enough to overcome the force of gravity, to reach orbital velocities that could open space to human exploration.

In this research we will explain the development of rockets during history to see the importance they have achieved in research in the space field. History has shown that there are several ways to make them more efficient and powerful. However, thermoelectric energy generators (used in some space vehicles taking advantage of thermoelectric effects) are considered to be still low efficient.

The purpose is to demonstrate a different way to increase the Coefficient of Performance of thermoelectric effects, allowing the manufacturing of space vehicles with a higher efficiency. This work proposes the use of magnetic fields in space vehicles with the aim of improving the performance of the devices that use thermoelectric effects, both for power generation and refrigeration.

First, the history of rocket engines will be studied. Secondly, the thermoelectric effects will be introduced and the proposal of adding a magnetic field will be analyzed. Finally, an experimental validation will be performed to check the results validity.

Le projet consistera en une présentation qui tentera de décrire le projet Euclid. Il consistera en deux principales parties:

Une partie scientifique, la partie recherche qui partira des origines de l'Univers et qui convergera vers l’énergie noire.

Une partie ingénierie qui s'appuiera sur la description d'Euclid et de ses différents instruments.

Ce projet sera accompagné de schéma explicatifs et de suppléments théoriques afin de mieux comprendre chaque point du projet

En este proyecto nos interesamos por la materia oscura que forma parte de la galaxia y las diferentes corrientes en espacial La Corriente de Helmi. Esperamos que GAIA amplíe los datos sobre este tema, pues por ahora solo esta en la fase teórica, falta la experimentación u observación que creemos que GAIA provendrá. Aun todo esto, hemos hecho una programa gracias a c++ que lo hemos insertado en una gráfica (hemos ido recreando galaxias según su masa y radios) y vemos que a mayor masa menor es la distancia de la corriente al centro de la galaxia y por tanto inducimos que hay un aumento de la materia oscura en la galaxia que podría ser como la nuestra.

A comprehensive analysis of reasons why we should continue looking for life on other planets. This essay lists reasons both for and against searching for extra-terrestrials, what potential benefits and/or consequences it may have and if it's even worth it.

Our Project is a concept that could be used to mine Asteroids for resources especially those that are fast receding from Earth.
The project can be broken into 4 components
1) Creation of a habitable orbital settlement near the Asteroid belt
2) Sending an Orbiter to an asteroid as specified by the orbital settlement. The orbiter would also contain the reconnaissance rover and a mining rover.
3) Recon rover would scan the asteroid precisely at the places that the orbiter sees fit ( which will be done by using the reflectance spectroscopy technique ). The samples are then examined by X-Ray diffraction. If the percentage of the resource is sufficient then the mining rover would be sent.
4) Mining Rover would descend to the surface and drill the surface( by using a rocket propelled) and excavate it. The mining rover containing the substances excavated would be carried by the orbiter to the orbital settlement where it would be processed.

After this is done, spacecraft's can transport the material needed to the desired location

The race to Mars has begun. Throughout the 21st century space agencies and private companies alike will be joining forces to land humans on the Red Planet for the first time in history, the most important challenge of the century. But how do we reach Martian ground? How do we land our astronauts safely and have them return? Can we develop new technologies to speed up the process in an efficient and sustainable manner?
Our entry for the 2016 Odysseus Contest tackles these crucial topics from a highly technical and research-based point of view by assessing several factors which affect our current limits in manned space travel. We have produced a comprehensive technical report on a set of missions from the ARTEMIS space programme that focus on the development and performance of the MTV transfer vehicles. An evaluation of the contemporary and future technological innovations related to the project was conducted, including Communication Systems, Propulsion and Launch, Power Systems, and Human Implications amongst many. Join us in this journey of a lifetime and learn why human colonization of the Red Planet is more than a mere dream… it's the future!

Wildfires in northern Europe are increasing and the countries in these regions are beginning to respond to this threat created by a changing climate. During this project I researched how firefighting in northern Europe could be made safer and more efficient during wildfires using space-borne technologies. I performed a user-centred design where I interviewed people involved in wildfires to get a clear understanding about the current way of working. This resulted in the identification of two problems:
• Coordination
• Real-time information
Based on these problems a solution was then developed which consisted of two parts. Firstly, each firefighter should carry a Galileo GNSS tracker that would transmit their current location to a data fusion platform available to the commanders. This would enable the commanders to make good decisions based on the current situation. The design of the data fusion platform should be simple and easy to understand in order for the commanders to have time to use the available information.

In conclusion, with this system the governments in northern Europe could guarantee a good response to the increase of wildfires keeping their firefighters and population safe while also preventing unnecessary destruction by wildfires.

W mojej pracy starałem się zaprezentować i jednocześnie wyjaśnić czym jest Przestrzeń kosmiczna ? Oraz czy warto ją eksplorować ?, wysyłać tam satelity, czy drogie teleskopy lub sondy kosmiczne, do prowadzenia badan i pomiarów. W mojej pracy znajdziecie Państwo odpowiedzi na te pytania. Zapraszam do zapoznania się z moim projektem.

Un des plus grands mystère de l'univers est la matière noire. Une matière inconnue et pourtant si mystérieuse et remplie de ressources ainsi que de secrets…
Le but de mon projet, essayer de donner une définition approximative de la matière noir pour que les interlocuteurs puissent savoir ce que cache les halos galactique… Ou que sais-je encore.

In order to transform them into useful elements of dust on Mars surface or the discovery of the planets in the discovery of an external system
analysis of the idea of: when it considered the forms filed by soft space that Mars in the past years, including Pathfinder,
وفايكنغ love curiosity rover and other, and found that the more the elements abundance in Mars soil is silicon dioxide silicon or
even the genius to take advantage of this abundance found in this industry
system which I want to work is silicon switching system to a useful element (structural element) when it considered found that the best use of the Silicon النانوية industry PV solar cell or cells or the first generation or the tse
therefore worked on the development of the system that supports the best modern things gives you a very huge discovery supports
how it works:
The assumption, when we put an end to activate or simulated in the
1: This system will search for particles of silicon dioxide in Mars soil and trying to be separated from the rest of the
A: tried after the piece that separates between the particles of silicon dioxide in the system in order to be alone silicon
GS: Then do this system these samples of the rich silicon is
what after:
search is used in a new silicon in the industry of solar cells new nano
will use this cell in ships new space is very small and easy to load the spaceship
describe how to deal meets the packet load restrictions:
To load will be the best that could be
because the system uses a Nano cells, which depend on a modern system, which is like the metabolic syndrome or Photosynthesis does not even need to Photons Entirely new that generation technologies that do not close to 6 micrometers
so you must load the solar cells النانوية aboard a small ship
to provide an analysis of the production system, at the time of the production, energy requirements and communications requirements:
First:
To provide an analysis of the output: The
system of the output is the silicon and more abundant in the ability of the Mars also Alpha mobile X-ray 40% of Mars soil
which is used in the industry of solar cells nano
side of the sports: The